Striking: |
Atemi |
|
Strike to a vital point |
Chudan-zuki |
|
A punch to the abdominal region |
Gedan-zuki |
|
Downward punch |
Gyaku-uchi |
|
Any reverse strike |
Gyaku-zuki |
|
Punching with the rear hand |
Jodan-zuki |
|
Upper strike |
Kaeshi-zuki |
|
Counter thrust |
Katate-uchi |
|
One-handed strike |
Men-uchi |
|
Strike to head |
Mune tsuki |
|
Thrust toward knot on obi |
Oi-zuki |
|
A step-punch |
Shomen uchi |
|
Overhead strike to the head. |
Tsuki |
|
In Aikido, usually a Chudan Oi-zuki |
Uchi |
|
Inside; strike |
Yokomen uchi |
|
Diagonal strike to the side of the head. |
Yoko-uchi |
|
A sideward strike |
Holds: |
Gyakute-dori |
|
To grasp with one's hand reversed; to grasp and opponents right wrist with your left hand |
Katate dori |
|
One hand holding one hand. |
Kosadori |
|
hand grab (katatedori ai-hanmi) |
Morote dori |
|
Two hands holding one hand. |
Kata dori |
|
Shoulder hold |
Ryokata dori |
|
Grabbing both shoulders. |
Ryote dori |
|
Two hands holding two hands. |
Mune dori |
|
One or two hand lapel hold. |
Hiji dori |
|
Elbow grab |
Sode dori |
|
Sleeve grab |
Ushiro eri-dori |
|
Neck grab from the back (usually the collar :-) |
Ushiro tekubi dori |
|
Wrist grab from the back. |
Ushiro ryote dori |
|
As above from the back. |
Ushiro ryokata dori |
|
As above from the back. |
Ushiro kubi shime |
|
Rear choke. |
Body Parts: |
Hara |
|
The abdomen, stomach |
Abara |
|
The ribs |
Ago |
|
Jaw |
Ashi |
|
Leg |
Ashikubi |
|
Ankle |
Atama |
|
Head |
Chototsu |
|
Atemi point between the eyes |
Daitai |
|
The thigh |
Denko |
|
Atemi point at the floating ribs |
Dokko |
|
Pressure point behind the ear |
Empi |
|
The elbow |
Eri |
|
Lapel; collar |
Fukuto |
|
Atemi point just above inside of knee |
Ganmen |
|
The face |
Gekon |
|
Pressure point below lower lip |
Gokoku |
|
Pressure point in fleshy area between thumb and forefinger |
Haishu |
|
Back of the hand |
Haito |
|
Ridgehand |
Haiwan |
|
Back of forearm |
Hiji |
|
Elbow |
Hiji-zume |
|
Atemi point on inside of elbow |
Hitai |
|
Forehead |
Ippon-ken |
|
An one-knuckle fist |
Jinchu |
|
Pressure point on upper lip below nose |
Jintai |
|
The body |
Jinkai-kyusho |
|
Vital points on the human body |
Juizo |
|
The kidney area |
Junchu |
|
Atemi point on the upper lip |
Kakato |
|
The heel of the foot |
Kakuto |
|
Back of the wrist (for a strike) |
Kashi |
|
Legs |
Katate |
|
One hand |
Keichu |
|
Atemi point on back of neck |
Kenkokotsu |
|
Shoulder blades |
Kikan |
|
Trachea |
Koko |
|
Area between thumb and forefinger |
Kote |
|
Wrist |
Kubi |
|
Neck |
Kubi-naka |
|
Atemi point at base of skull |
Kyusho |
|
Vital point on body |
Mata |
|
The thigh; the groin |
Men |
|
Head |
Mikazuki |
|
Atemi at corner of jaw |
Mimi |
|
Ears |
Morote |
|
Both hands |
Mukozune |
|
Atemi point in middle of shin |
Mune |
|
Chest |
Murasame |
|
Pressure points on each side of neck behind collar bone |
Naike |
|
Pressure point on inside of ankle |
Nukite |
|
Ends of stiffened fingers |
Seika-tanden |
|
Lower abdomen |
Seiken |
|
Front of fist |
Seikichu |
|
The spine |
Senaka |
|
The back of the body |
Shintai |
|
The body |
Shita hara |
|
Lower abdomen |
Shomen |
|
Face |
Shuhai |
|
Back of the hand |
Shuto |
|
Edge of hand |
Sode |
|
Sleeve |
Sokei |
|
Groin |
Sokuso |
|
Tips of toes (for kicking) |
Sokutei |
|
Bottom of heel |
Sokuto |
|
Edge of foot |
Tanden |
|
Abdomen |
Tegatana |
|
The arm as sword |
Teisho |
|
Heel of the hand |
Tekubi |
|
Wrist |
Te-no-hira |
|
Palm of hand |
Tento |
|
Atemi point on top of head |
Tettsui |
|
Hammer fist |
Te-ura |
|
Inside of wrist |
Ude |
|
The arm |
Uraken |
|
Back of fist |
Waki |
|
Side; armpit |
Wakikage |
|
Atemi point in armpit |
Yokomen |
|
Side of the head |
Yubi |
|
Finger |
Zengaku |
|
Forehead |
Zenshin |
|
The entire body |
Zenwan |
|
Forearm |
Commands in the dojo: |
Ato |
|
Move back |
Hajime |
|
Start |
Hayaku |
|
Quickly |
Kiyotsukete |
|
Be careful |
Koutai |
|
Change |
Mate |
|
Wait |
Mawatte |
|
Turn around |
Mokuso |
|
Close the eyes, meditation |
Suwatte |
|
Sit down |
Tatte |
|
Raise |
Yame |
|
Stop |
Yoi |
|
Ready |
Yukuri |
|
Slow |
Yuru yaka ni |
|
Smooth |
Shinzen ni rei |
|
Bow to shrine |
Sensei ni rei |
|
Bow to sensei |
Joseki ni rei |
|
Bow to the high section of the dojo |
Kamiza ni rei |
|
Bow to kamiza (gods) |
Otagai ni rei |
|
Bow to each other |
Rei |
|
Bow |
Words: |
Arigato |
|
Thank you (informal) |
Domo |
|
Thanks (informal) |
Domo arigato |
|
Thank you (formal) |
Domo arigato gozaimasu |
|
Thank you very much (very formal) (for something that is happening) |
Domo arigato gozaimas'ta |
|
Thank you very much (very formal) (for something that has just ended) |
Dozo |
|
Please go ahead |
Gomen nasai |
|
Excuse me, I'm sorry |
Onegaishimasu |
|
Please (when asking for something, usually as in Please lets practice together) |
Sumimasen |
|
Excuse me (to attract attention) |
Hai |
|
Yes |
Iie |
|
No |
Wakarimasu |
|
I understand |
Directions: |
Mae |
|
Forward |
Migi |
|
Right |
Hidari |
|
Left |
Ushiro |
|
Rearward, behind |
Omote |
|
Front |
Ura |
|
Back |
Uchi |
|
Inside |
Soto |
|
Outside |
Jodan |
|
High |
Chudan |
|
Middle |
Gedan |
|
Low |
Chokkaku |
|
Right angles |
Heiko |
|
Parallel |
Massugu |
|
Straight ahead |
Naname |
|
Diagonal |
Otoshi |
|
Dropping |
Shomen |
|
Straight ahead |
Ue |
|
Up |
Yoko |
|
Horizontal, to the side |
Asoko |
|
Over there |
Gyaku |
|
Reverse, opposite, inverted |
Hantai |
|
The other way around |
Kiku |
|
Lower |
Komi |
|
Coming close or drawing near. |
Soko |
|
There, that position |
Hantai-ni |
|
In the opposite direction |
Happo |
|
The eight sides; in all directions |
Ichimonji |
|
A straight line |
Chokusen |
|
A straight line |
Naka |
|
Center |
Naka ni |
|
To the center |
Waki |
|
Side; armpit |
Zenpo |
|
Front |
General: |
Uchi deshi |
|
A live-in student |
Budo |
|
Martial way |
Aikido |
|
The way of harmony with ki |
Dojo |
|
Lit. "way place" |
Zanshin |
|
lit. "remaining spirit", balanced and aware state |
Kiai |
|
A shout delivered for the purpose of focussing all of one's energy |
Satori |
|
Enlightenment |
Misogi |
|
purification ceremony |
Musubi |
|
Ending, conclusion, union |
Shugyo |
|
Training, pursuit of knowledge |
Tatami |
|
Mat |
Uke |
|
Receiver of the technique (attacker) |
Nage |
|
Doer of the technique (defender) |
Bokken |
|
Wooden sword |
Bokuto |
|
Wooden sword |
Jo |
|
Short staff (~130 cm length) |
Shinai |
|
Bamboo sword |
Enten-jizui |
|
Moving and turning freely |
Genshin |
|
Intuition |
Giri |
|
Duty; What you have to do |
Happo-baraki |
|
To be totally aware of ones surroundings |
Hiki |
|
Pull; tug |
Hineri |
|
A twist |
Hito-e-mi |
|
Blending with motion of attack |
Ido |
|
Movement |
Idori |
|
Techniques practiced from seiza |
Ikki-ni |
|
In one breath; instantly |
Ima |
|
Now |
Irimi |
|
Entering |
Kaiten |
|
Rotation |
Kaiten-juki |
|
The axis of rotation of a technique |
Kan |
|
Intuition |
Karame |
|
To tie up; to arrest |
Karami |
|
An entanglement |
Karui-geiko |
|
Light, easy practice |
Kashaki-uchi |
|
Continuous attack |
Kihon |
|
Fundamental |
Kokoro |
|
Spirit, will, heart, intuition, mood |
Kokoro-gamae |
|
Mental attitude |
Kokutsu |
|
Backward leaning |
Koryu |
|
Old style |
Kujiki |
|
Strain |
Kushin |
|
Springing in to attack |
Kusshinuke |
|
To dodge an attack |
Maai |
|
Combat engagement distance |
Mae-no-sen |
|
Taking the initiative; Attacking the instant your opponent thinks about it |
Maki |
|
Wrapped around |
Mawashi |
|
A turn; a rotation |
Moku roku |
|
A catalog of techniques |
Mokuso |
|
Meditation |
Munen mushin |
|
Striking without conscience |
Munen muso |
|
The goal of zazen |
Nagashi |
|
Flow |
Ninjo |
|
What you have to do |
No |
|
Possessive particle of speech |
Nobashi |
|
Stretched out |
Nuki |
|
Pull |
Oji |
|
A response |
Osae |
|
Press; push; to immobolize |
Randori |
|
Free style |
Reigi |
|
Etiquette; also reishiki |
Renshu |
|
Hard work on basics |
Ritsurei |
|
A standing bow |
Sabaki |
|
Body motion |
Saho |
|
The left direction |
Sankaku |
|
Triangle |
Seme-guchi |
|
An opening for an attack |
Semete |
|
Attacker |
Sen |
|
The initiative; also 1000 |
Senjutsu |
|
Tactics |
Sen-no-sen |
|
Seizing initiative just as opponents initiates attack |
Sente |
|
The person who takes the initiative |
Shi |
|
A (samurai) person |
Shiki |
|
Ceremony, style, form |
Shikko |
|
On one's knees |
Shinshin |
|
Mind and body |
Shinshin shugyo |
|
Mind and body training |
Shinshin toitsu |
|
Mind and body unified |
Shita |
|
Down |
Shita-no |
|
Of the lower part |
Shizoku |
|
Safe spot |
Sho |
|
Small |
Shoshin |
|
Beginners mind |
Shuchu |
|
Concentration |
Shugeki |
|
Attack |
Sudori |
|
Momentum |
Sukui |
|
Scooping |
Tai-atari |
|
Body contact |
Tai-chikara |
|
External power (muscle) |
Taisabaki |
|
Body motion |
Taijutsu |
|
Body art |
Tai-no-henko |
|
Reversing the body's position |
Tanin-geiko |
|
Practicing with multiple attackers |
Taoshi |
|
To tip over |
Tateki |
|
Multiple attackers |
Tateki-geiko |
|
Practicing with multiple attackers |
Tateki-uchi |
|
Fighting with multiple attackers |
Tenkan |
|
Pivot |
Tsukami |
|
To seize (and immobilize) |
Uchima |
|
Distance where you can strike by taking a single step |
Uchimata |
|
The inside of the throw |
Uchite |
|
The attacker |
Uki |
|
Floating |
Yo |
|
Positive principle of nature |
Yoko-furumi |
|
Sideward motion |
Yumi |
|
A bow (archery) |
Zentai |
|
Total |
Fukushiki-kokyu |
|
Abdominal breathing |
Ibuki |
|
A breathing method featuring a long exhalation, followed by a short cough to clear lungs |
In-ibuki |
|
Internal (quiet) breathing |
Nogare |
|
Breathing method featuring long exhalation with sharp gasp |
Ritsuzen |
|
Standing meditiation |
Yo-inbuki |
|
External (power) breathing |
Postures: |
Hanmi |
|
Half forward stance. |
Hitoemi |
|
Equal stance, feet parallel forward |
Iai goshi |
|
Hips lowered, stable position. |
Iai hiza, Tate hiza |
|
Kneeling on one calf. |
Kamae |
|
Posture, stance. |
Kiza |
|
Kneeling, but up on the toes. |
Seiza |
|
Kneeling on both calves. |
Tachi |
|
Standing. |
Chudan |
|
Middle kamae, sword in middle, seigan is a chudan gamae. |
Gedan |
|
Lower level, sword pointed down. |
Hasso gamae |
|
Figure 8 stance, sword by side of head. Usually hasso hidari, sword on right, left foot forward. |
Jodan |
|
Upper level, sword above head. Usually hidari jodan, left foot forward. |
Karuma |
|
like waki gamae, blade horizontal. |
Kasumi |
|
Arms crossed over to hide technique (mountain mist). |
Kongo |
|
Blade vertical in front of face. |
Seigan |
|
Natural step, fundamental kamae. |
Waki gamae |
|
Sword pointed down and back, for a sutemi (sacrifice) waza. Usually sword on right side (migi waki gamae), left foot forward. Other purpose - hiding length of sword, especially in case of a broken one. |
Principles: |
Ikkyo |
|
1. principle = oshi taoshi, ude osae |
Nikyo |
|
2. principle = kote mawashi, kotemaki |
Sankyo |
|
3. principle = kote hineri, shibori-kime |
Yonkyo |
|
4. principle = tekubi osae |
Gokyo |
|
5. principle = kuji-osae |
Rokkyo |
|
6. principle = hiji-kime-osae or waki-katame or ude-hishigi. |
Nanakyo |
|
7. principle = Yonkyo applied to back of wrist |
Hakyo |
|
8. principle = kote-ori-kakae-kimi, kuji-dori = Nikyo in which his elbow is in your armpit and his hand is pulled forward; Pinning their hand with your foot |
Kukyo |
|
9. principle = Inverted nanakyo |
Throws: |
Irimi nage |
|
Entering throw ("20 year technique") |
Juji nage, juji garami |
|
Arm entwining throw ("No. 10 throw", since the arms form the japanese sign for 10 "+". arms crossed, elbows locked) |
Kaiten nage |
|
Rotary throw. uchi-kaiten nage and soto-kaiten nage (inside and outside) |
Kokyu ho |
|
morotetori kokyu nage or ryotemochi kokynage ude-oroshi irimi |
Kokyu nage |
|
Breath throw (There are a zillion of these in Aikido. Most of them just variations of the basic techniques) |
Koshi nage |
|
Hip throw |
Kote gaeshi |
|
Wrist turn-out |
Shiho nage |
|
Four direction throw |
Tenchi nage |
|
Heaven and earth throw |
Aiki otoshi |
|
entering more deeply and picking up uke's off-side leg |
Maki otoshi |
|
nage ends up down on one knee, having thrown uke over nage's shoulder |
Sumi gaeshi |
|
corner throw |
Sumi otoshi |
|
Corner drop |
Tai-atari uchi otoshi |
|
from yokomen-uchi, entering and blocking.,uke gets thrown backwards |
Ushiro udoroshi |
|
pull down from behind |
Kokyu dosa |
|
Breath-power movement (from seiza) |
Ganseki otoshi |
|
Arm bar with elbow braced over shoulder |
Katagatame |
|
A variation of Kaiten nage where you lock your opponents shoulder and bring him directly to the ground in a lock |
Ranks and titles: |
Kohai |
|
Junior student |
Sempai |
|
Senior student |
Sensei |
|
Instructor |
Shihan |
|
A senior teacher, properly used within the school only, when outside, use sensei |
Kyu |
|
Student grade, from 10 up to 1, the highest: jukyu, kukyu, hachikyu, nanakyu, rokyu ,, gokyu , yonkyu , sankyu ,, nikkyu , ikkyu |
Dan |
|
More advanced grades, from 1 to 10: shodan , nidan , sandan , yondan , godan , rokudan , nanadan , hachidan , kudan ,, judan |
Yudansha |
|
Members with dan grades |
Mudansha |
|
Members with kyu grades |
Hanshi |
|
Highest title from ZNKR, must be 55 or older and 8 dan. |
Kyoshi |
|
Middle title from ZNKR, must be 7th dan. |
Renshi |
|
Title bestowed from ZNKR in addition to Dan ranks. |
Soke |
|
Head of style (actually head of family, unifier of gods and lineage) |
Doshu |
|
Head of the way (currently Moriteru Ueshiba, grandson of O Sensei) |
Kaicho |
|
"Owner" of school (organization) eg. Sei Do Kai |
Kancho |
|
"Owner" of school (building, hall) eg. Yugen Kan |
Dojo-cho |
|
"Leader" of a dojo |
O Sensei |
|
Great Teacher (Ueshiba, Morihei) |
Techniques: |
Ukemi |
|
Lit. "receiving with the body" |
Kumitachi |
|
Sword partnership practice |
Kumijo |
|
Staff partnership practices |
Tachi dori |
|
Sword takeaways |
Tanto dori |
|
Knife takeaways |
Atemi-waza |
|
Techniques to strike a vital point |
Hanashi-waza |
|
Techniques from escaping from holds; also known as hazushi-waza |
Hanmi-handachi waza |
|
One person standing, one person sitting techniques |
Henka waza |
|
Varied technique. Especially beginning one technique and changing to another in mid-execution |
Hitori waza |
|
"invisible partner practice" |
Jiju waza |
|
Free-style practice of techniques. Usually a set of attacks or techniques. It is different from Randori where everything is allowed. |
Kaeshi-waza |
|
Counter techniques |
Kansetsu-waza |
|
Dislocation techniques |
Katame-waza |
|
Grappling techniques; consisting of osae waza, kensetsu waza, and shime waza |
Kihon-waza |
|
Fundamental techniques |
Nagashi waza |
|
Flowing from one technique to next |
Ne waza |
|
Grappling techniques |
Oji waza |
|
To block and then counterattack |
Omote waza |
|
Techniques that are revealed to the public |
Osae waza |
|
Pinning techniques. |
Shi waza |
|
A counter technique |
Sukashi waza |
|
Techniques performed without allowing the attacker to complete a grab or to initiate a strike. |
Sutemi waza |
|
a technique accomplished by sacrificing your body |
Suwari waza |
|
Techniques executed with both uke and nage in a seated position. |
Tachi waza |
|
Standing techniques. |
Te-waza |
|
Hand techniques (as opposed to weapons) |
Uchi-waza |
|
Striking techniques |
Ushiro-waza |
|
Techniques from rear attacks |
Uke-waza |
|
Blocking techniques |
The uniform: |
Tenugui |
|
Small hand cloth to wipe face. Also worn under the helmet in kendo. |
Keiko gi, do gi, gi |
|
Practice uniform. |
Embu gi |
|
Demonstration top / uniform. |
Kesa |
|
Lapel / part of monk's costume hanging from left shoulder. |
Mon |
|
Family crests on uniform |
Montsuki |
|
Wide sleaved top with mon on chest, sleeve and back. |
Sode |
|
Sleeve, on practice top. |
Tanomo |
|
Large sleeves on formal tops. |
Uwa gi |
|
Practice top. |
Zekken |
|
Chest patch embroidered with own name and dojo name. |
Obi |
|
Belt (White belt , Black belt |
Hakama |
|
Split skirt, wide legged pants. |
Hera |
|
Peg in back of hakama. |
Matadachi |
|
Split in side of hakama. |
Koshiita |
|
Back plate on hakama. |
Tabi |
|
Japanese sock-slippers used in dojo. |
Zori |
|
Japanese sandals for use outside dojo. |